Recently, Jéquier and Constant addressed this question based on the human physiology. Beyond these circumstances of dehydration, we do not truly understand how hydration affects health and well-being, even the impact of water intakes on chronic diseases. We provide examples of water intake assessment in populations to clarify the need for experimental studies. Recent statements on water requirements have been based on retrospective recall of water intake from food and beverages among healthy non-institutionalized individuals. This review attempts to provide some sense of our current knowledge of water including overall patterns of intake and some factors linked with intake, the complex mechanisms behind water homeostasis, the effects of variation in water intake on health and energy intake, weight, and human performance and functioning. 1 Nevertheless there are many unanswered questions about this most essential component of our body and our diet.

Water comprises from 75% body weight in infants to 55% in elderly and is essential for cellular homeostasis and life. Without water, humans can survive only for days. The critical adaptations cross an array of species, including man. From the time that primeval species ventured from the oceans to live on land, a major key to survival has been prevention of dehydration.

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